現(xiàn)代林學、森林與林業(yè)

賀慶棠　

摘　要：論述了林學、森林與林業(yè)近兩個多世紀以來的發(fā)展和變化.林學經歷了由傳統(tǒng)林學向現(xiàn)代林學的轉變.現(xiàn)代林學是以森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的營建、經營管理和利用為研究對象，以發(fā)揮森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生態(tài)環(huán)境功能為核心，全面發(fā)揮森林的多種效益和多種功能為目的的學科.對森林的認識也經歷了由單株樹木到樹木群體到森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的變化.由于對林學及森林認識的深刻變化，人們對林業(yè)的認識也就從長期形成的以木材利用為中心，轉變到以發(fā)揮森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生態(tài)環(huán)境作用為核心和重點，全面發(fā)揮森林的生態(tài)、經濟和社會功能作為林業(yè)的指導思想和目標，以實現(xiàn)林業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展.
關鍵詞：現(xiàn)代林學；森林；林業(yè)；森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)；生態(tài)環(huán)境
分類號：S71　文獻標識碼：A
文章編號：1000-2502(2001)01-0014-03

Modern Forestry Science，Forest and Forestry

HE Qing-tang（Bejing Forestry University，Beijing 100083,China）　

Abstract：This paper expounds the development and variation of the forestry science，forest and forestry neally in past two cen turies．The forestry science in itself goes through a transformation from traditional forestry science to modern forestry s cience.The modern forestry science, with the object of studying the establishment，manageme nt and exploitation of the forestry ecosystem and the core of developing the eco logical environinent functi on of the forestry ecosystem，is a subject that takes an overall play to the mul tiple benefits and function of forest.The cognition of forest also undergoes a variation from a single tree to trees g roup and still to forest ecosystem．Due to the deep alteration of the understand ing of forestry science and forest，people begin changing their understanding of forestry from a central for m of timber utilizing which formed for a long time to a form that takes developi ng the ecological environment function of forestry ecosystem as its core and fo cal point，and takes an overall play to the ecological，economical and social function of forestry as its leadi ng thought and aim，so as to realize the sustainable development of forestry.
Keywords：modern forestry science；forest; forest ecosyst em； forestry；ecologica1 environment